Border barrier

 ( Borders ) 

A border barrier, border fence or border wall is a separation barrier that runs along or near an Border. Such barriers are typically constructed for border control purposes such as curbing illegal immigration, human trafficking, and smuggling. Some such barriers are constructed for defence or security reasons. In cases of a disputed or unclear border, erecting a barrier can serve as a de facto unilateral consolidation of a territorial claim that can supersede formal delimitation. A border barrier does not usually indicate the location of the actual border, and is usually constructed unilaterally by a country, without the agreement or cooperation of the other country.

Examples of border walls include the ancient Great Wall of China, a series of walls separating China from to the north. The construction of border barriers increased in the early 2000s; half of all the border barriers built since World War II, which ended in 1945, were built after 2000.

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List of current barriers Note: The table can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the icon.

Argentina–Paraguay	Anti-illegal immigration
Anti-illegal immigration
Morocco- Algeria	Anti-terrorism
Algeria- Morocco	Anti-terrorism, smuggling (both countries created no-men-land)
Belize–Guatemala	Disputed territory and anti-illegal immigration
Botswana–Zimbabwe	Protection of livestock against disease (Botswana), anti-immigration (purported from Zimbabwe officials)
Brunei–Malaysia	Anti-illegal immigration
Bulgaria–Turkey barrier	Anti-illegal immigration	Caroline Mortimer. Bulgaria builds final part of razor wire fence to keep out refugees. The Independent. 4 August 2015.
Anti-illegal immigration
Ceuta border fence	Anti-illegal immigration
Costa Rica–Nicaragua	Anti-illegal immigration
Green Line (Cyprus)	Buffer Zone
Chinese–Korean border fence	Anti-illegal immigration
Chile–Bolivia ditch	Chile and Bolivia	Chile	2022 (Under construction)	N/A	Anti-illegal immigration
China-Vietnam/Myanmar border wall	China, Vietnam and Myanmar	China	2021	3,468	Anti-illegal immigration
Wildlife control (official), Anti-immigration (third party claims)
Dominican–Haiti border fence	Anti-illegal immigration and crime
Egypt–Gaza barrier	Anti-terrorism and anti-illegal immigration
Estonia–Russia barrier	Anti-intrusion, illegal trade and illegal immigration	Estonia 'plans Russia border fence' amid Ukraine tensions. BBC News. 28 August 2015
Finland–Russia border barrier	Against Russian intrusion, illegal trade and illegal immigration
Greece–Turkey border	Anti-illegal immigration	Danae Leivada. Why Greece Shut The Shortest, Safest Route For Migrants And Refugees. The Huffington Post. Published on 09/24/2015.
North Macedonia–Greece barrier	Anti-illegal immigration	Yannis Behrakis. Police, migrants clash on Macedonia border; soldiers build fence . Reuters. November 28, 2015.
Malaysia–Thailand border	Fence in 70s, 2001 replaced, planned wall not constructed
Melilla border fence	Anti-illegal immigration
Myanmar -Bangladesh border fence	Refugee crisis, after ethnic cleansing in Rohingy
Hungary–Serbia barrier	Anti-illegal immigration	Hungary's PM plans 'more massive' fence to keep out migrants. theguardian.com. 26 August 2016.
Hungary–Croatia barrier	Anti-illegal immigration
India–Bangladesh barrier	Anti-illegal immigration
India–Myanmar barrier	Anti-drug smuggling and anti-terrorism
India-Nepal barrier
India–Pakistan barrier	Anti-terrorism
Iran–Pakistan barrier	Anti-terrorism and Anti-drug smuggling
Iran–Afghanistan barrier	Iran and Afghanistan	Iran	1992, 2024(Under construction)	30 km built in 1992, 300 km planned to be built, 100 km built so far in 2025	Anti-illegal immigration Anti-terrorism Anti-drug smuggling
Jordan - Syria
Israel-West Bank barrier	Israel and Palestine	Israel	Partially Completed	708	Anti-terrorism and disputed territory
Israel-Egypt barrier	Israel and Egypt	Israel	2013	245	Anti-illegal immigration
Israel-Lebanon barrier	Israel and Lebanon	Israel	2018	11	Conflict zone
Israel-Gaza barrier	Israel and Gaza Strip	Israel	1994	N/A	Anti-terrorism
Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan barrier	Anti-drug smuggling
Kenya - Somalia barrier	Kenya and Somalia	Kenya	2015 (Under construction)	planned 700 km, done only 10–13 km of fence with barbed wire	Intrusion of terrorist groups (Al-Shabaab)
Korean Demilitarized Zone	Conflict zone
Kruger National Park	Anti-illegal immigration
South Africa–Zimbabwe Border	Anti-illegal immigration, anti-drug smuggling, anti-weapon smuggling
Kuwait–Iraq barrier	Conflict zone
Latvia–Russia border fence	Anti-illegal immigration	Jeremy Bender. A nation bordering Russia is building a fence along a third of its border. Business Insider. Published on December 16, 2015.
Libya–Tunisia barrier	Anti-terrorism, Anti-irregular immigration and smuggling of illicit goods
Lithuania-Belarus barrier	Anti-illegal immigration
Lithuania–Russia border fence	Anti-smuggling, anti-illegal immigration, anti-intrusion	Lithuania builds Russian border fence as Nato boosts Baltic defences. The Irish Times. January 18, 2017.
Norway–Russia border barrier	Anti-illegal immigration
Oman–Yemen
Pakistan–Afghanistan barrier	Anti-terrorism, anti-illegal immigration, anti drug smuggling
Poland–Belarus barrier	Anti-illegal immigration
Saudi–Yemen barrier	Anti-illegal immigration
Saudi–Iraq barrier	Anti-illegal immigration and conflict zone	[8]
Slovenia–Croatia barrier	Anti-illegal immigration
Serbia–North Macedonia barrier	Anti-illegal immigration
Turkey–Syria border barrier	Anti-terrorism, anti-illegal immigration and smuggling
Turkey–Iran border barrier	Anti-terrorism, anti-illegal immigration and smuggling
Turkmenistan – Uzbekistan barrier	Anti-illegal immigration
Ukraine Russia/Belorussia barrier	Proiekt "Stina"/Wall Anti Weapon Smuggling and Conflict zone
United Arab Emirates–Oman barrier	Anti-illegal immigration
Mexico–United States barrier	Anti-terrorism, Anti-illegal immigration, Anti-smuggling
Uzbek–Afghanistan barrier	Anti-illegal immigration	(2011). 9786139980956, Lect. . ISBN 9786139980956
Uzbek–Kyrgyzstan barrier	Conflict zone
Hong Kong-China barrier MacIntosh Forts	Hong Kong and
(Gibraltar) United Kingdom-Spain barrier	(Gibraltar) United Kingdom and Spain	Anti-terrorism Anti-illegal immigration
Ethiopia–Eritrea barrier

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Border barriers in history

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Antiquity

• Antonine Wall (began in AD 142 by the Roman Britain in Great Britain)
• Anastasian Wall (built from AD 469, west of Constantinople)
• Great Wall of China (parts were built as early as the 7th century BC by the Qi dynasty in China)
• Great Wall of Gorgan (built in 5th or 6th century AD)
• Hadrian's Wall (begun in AD 122)
• Madukkarai Wall (may have been built as early as the 1st century AD in India)
• Southern Great Wall, southern counterpart wall to the Great Wall, erected to protect and divide the Han Chinese from the "southern barbarians" called Hmong people (meaning barbaric and nomadic)

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Middle Ages

• Cheolli Jangseong
• The fortifications, castles and border walls between the Emirate of Granada and the Crown of Castile, later Spain between 1238 and 2 January 1492 although it continued as the internal border of the Crown of Castile, then Spain as Kingdom of Granada from 2 January 1492 to 29 September 1833. A large part of the fortifications, castles and walls is currently in good condition.
• Asilah: The King Alfonso V of Portugal built walls on the outskirts of the city of Asilah, serving as a border between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Marinid dynasty (1471–1472), the Saadi Sultanate (1472–1550), the Wattasid dynasty (1577–1589), in the area of the sea there are still cannons next to a Portuguese square tower. Currently the Wall is in good condition.
• Macau: Ming dynasty (currently China) built a wall around Macau in 1570.

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Early modern period

• Great Hedge of India, built by the British in 1803
• The border forts between the Captaincy General of Chile later Chile and the Mapuche territory that served as the border between the two from 1598 to 1883, which was delimited mainly by the Biobío river, the route passed through the Province of Biobío, Region of Biobío and the Region of Araucanía.
• Zanja de Alsina, built in the 1870s along the southern frontier of Argentina
• The points, forts and border barriers that functioned between the French Conchinchina and the Nguyễn dynasty that functioned between 1862 and 1887.

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Defunct barriers in modern times

• The posts and barriers between Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory and Qing dynasty later China between 1898 and 1914 and later served as the border between the Empire of Japan and the China, that worked between November 7, 1914, and December 10, 1922, and reoccupied in the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1937 and 1945.
• The posts and border barriers between Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan and Qing dynasty later China that worked between 1898 and 1945.
• The Czechoslovak border fortifications and fortified defensive lines built between 1935 and 1938 as a defensive countermeasure against the rising threat of Nazi Germany.
• The Maginot Line, built between 1929 and 1938 by France on the French–German border as a Defense line.
• The border posts and barriers between the (Empire of Japan) through the (Karafuto Prefecture) and the (Russian Empire after Russian SSR after USSR) through the Sakhalin Oblast that operated between 5 September 1907 and 25 August 1945.
• The border posts, forts and walls between the Russian Dalian (Russian Empire) and the Qing dynasty between 27 March 1898 – 5 September 1905 and between the Kwantung Leased Territory (Empire of Japan) and the (Qing dynasty 5 September 1905 – 10 October 1911 and the Republic of China 10 October 1911 – 1932), later Manchukuo (1932 – 14 August 1945) later by the USSR as the Soviet occupation of Manchuria between August 14, 1945, and May 3, 1946, when it was returned to the Republic of China.
• The posts, forts and border barriers that operated between the British Burma (1824–1858, 1947–1948) later British Raj through the province of British Burma and French Indochina, Kingdom of Siam and Qing later China).
• The frontier posts, forts and barriers that operated between the colony and overseas territory of the French India and (Mughal Empire after Maratha Empire after Company Rule in India after British Raj after India) which operated between 1664 and 1 November 1954.
• The posts, forts and border barriers between Finland and the former Soviet Union, in the Hanko Peninsula (1940–1941) and in the Porkkala peninsula (1945–1956).
• The frontier posts, forts and barriers that operated between the colony and overseas province of the Portuguese India and (Mughal Empire after Bijapur Sultanate after Maratha Empire after Company Rule in India after British Raj after India) which functioned between 15 August 1505 and 19 December 1961.
• The coastal posts, forts and walls that were in Dutch New Guinea (27 December 1949 – 1 October 1962) after United Nations Provisional Executive Authority (1 October 1962 – 1 May 1963) and served to ward off the United States of Indonesia (27 December 1949 – 17 August 1950) and after Indonesia (17 August 1950 – 1 May 1963).
• The frontier posts, forts and barriers that operated between the colony and overseas province of the Portuguese Timor, (Independent East Timor between November 1975 to December 7, 1975) and (Dutch East Indies (15 August 1702 – 27 December 1949) later United States of Indonesia (27 December 1949 – 17 August 1950) later Indonesia (17 August 1950 – 7 December 1975) which functioned between 15 August 1702 and 7 December 1975, the border continues to function but is currently free passage.
• The border posts, forts and barriers between the (Panama Canal Zone) United States and Panama in operation between November 18, 1903, until October 1, 1979, partially and totally the July 1, 1999.
• The former Soviet Union had a security barrier (see С-175 "curtain") along its entire border from Norway and Finland to North Korea and China. The barrier also existed along to direct border to Soviet allies, e.g. Poland. In Europe, the more than long direct border between the Soviet Union and Finland/Norway was of particular importance during the Cold War. Along the Finnish border, the barrier was not so well guarded however since Finland agreed to send back all Soviet citizens who escaped. The fence was located a few kilometers (miles) from the border, and still partly remains. Russian law still forbids crossing the border outside of a border station.
• Iron Curtain in Europe and Asia: apart from the direct border between the former Soviet Union and Norway/Finland, this former barrier includes:
• Berlin Wall
• Inner German border
• Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone
• German–Czech Border
• Inner Yemen border

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Other

• Danevirke
• Gates of Alexander
• Götavirke
• Limes Germanicus
• Limes Saxoniae
• Offa's Dyke
• Willow Palisade
• Zasechnaya cherta

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See also

• Buffer zone
• Canada–United States border
• Canal
• Citadel
• Defense line
• Peace lines
• Demilitarised zone
• Defensive walls
• List of cities with defensive walls
• List of fortifications
• List of walls
• Second Amendment sanctuary
• Fences in Rio de Janeiro

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External links

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